In India, mulberry is known as “KalpaVruksha” since all parts of the plant are used for various purposes and its fruit is commonly named as toot and shahtoot (King's or “superior” mulberry). nigra are among the important constituents of Unani medicine known as Tutiaswad, which is believed to have anti-cancerous activities ( Nursalam, 2016). Almost all varieties of mulberry plant are traditionally recognized in Unani, Ayurveda, and Chinese systems of medicine with several pharmacological properties.
Conventionally, it is believed that fruits of mulberry, particularly black and red varieties are advantageous to the human body ( Ercisli and Orhan, 2007). Roots, leaves, bark, stem twigs, and fruits of mulberry possess valuable bioactive constituents that can be explored in food, health care, and cosmetic industries. alba is a dominant species ( Ercisli and Orhan, 2007). Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus nigra (black mulberry) and Morus rubra (red mulberry) are all commonly accepted worldwide species of genus Morus as they exhibit maximum medicinal properties. It is an economical and widespread woody plant and has an enormous economic value other than sericulture leading to its several unique and special features. The term Morus is derived from the Latin word ‘mora’, which means delay, most likely because of the slow development of its buds. Moraceae, also known as the mulberry or fig family, is a family of flowering plants of more than twenty-four species with one subspecies and at the minimum hundred identified varieties. Mulberry belongs to the Morus genus of Moraceae family and is dispersed extensively in diverse climatic and environmental circumstances ranging from tropical to temperate. The current review provides a comprehensive discussion concerning the phytochemical constituents, functionality and nutraceutical potential of mulberry and as a common ingredient in various cosmetic products. Different parts of Morus species like fruits, leaves, twigs, and bark exhibit strong anti-tyrosinase inhibition activity that makes it a suitable candidate in cosmetic industries as a whitening agent. Mulberries or its extracts exhibit excellent anti-microbial, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects and is used to combat different acute and chronic diseases. Leaves of mulberry are economically viable due to their important role in the sericulture industry since ancient times.
In overseas, these value-added products are commercially sold and easily available, though in India, this versatile medicinal plant is still missing its identity at commercial and industrial scale. Therefore for proper utilization, different value-added products like syrups, squashes, teas, pestil sand köme, pekmez (turkuish by-products), yogurts, jams, jellies, wines, vinegar, breads, biscuits, parathas, and many more are made.
Mulberry fruits are difficult to preserve as they have relatively high water content. Due to presence of valuable phytochemical constituents, mulberry as a whole plant has been utilized as a functional food since long time. Mulberry is a fast growing deciduous plant found in wide variety of climatic, topographical and soil conditions, and is widely distributed from temperate to subtropical regions.
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